PROCESSOR (CPU)

        Unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU) adalah litar elektronik dalam komputer yang melaksanakan arahan program komputer dengan melakukan aritmetik asas, operasi yang ditentukan oleh arahan logik, kawalan dan input / output (I / O). Industri komputer telah menggunakan istilah "unit pemprosesan pusat" sekurang-kurangnya sejak awal 1960-an.  Secara tradisinya, istilah "CPU" merujuk kepada pemproses, lebih khusus kepada unit unit pemprosesan dan kawalan (CU), membezakan unsur-unsur teras komputer dari komponen luaran seperti ingatan utama dan saya litar / O. 

        Bentuk, reka bentuk dan pelaksanaan CPU telah berubah sepanjang sejarah mereka, tetapi operasi asas mereka kekal hampir tidak berubah. komponen utama CPU yang termasuk unit logik aritmetik (ALU) yang melakukan operasi aritmetik dan logik, pemproses mendaftar yang operan bekalan kepada ALU dan menyimpan keputusan operasi ALU, dan unit kawalan yang orchestrates semasa mengambil (daripada memori) dan pelaksanaan arahan dengan mengarahkan operasi diselaraskan ALU, daftar dan komponen lain.

        Kebanyakan CPU moden mikropemproses, bermakna mereka yang terkandung di litar bersepadu (IC) cip tunggal. KP yang mengandungi CPU juga mengandungi ingatan, antara muka persisian, dan lain-lain komponen komputer; peranti bersepadu tersebut pelbagai dipanggil pengawal mikro atau sistem pada cip (SoC). Sesetengah komputer menggunakan pemproses berbilang teras, yang merupakan cip tunggal yang mengandungi dua atau lebih CPU dipanggil "teras"; dalam konteks itu, kita boleh bercakap seperti cip tunggal sebagai "soket". Pemproses Array atau pemproses vektor mempunyai beberapa pemproses yang beroperasi secara selari, tanpa unit dianggap pusat. Terdapat juga wujud konsep CPU maya yang merupakan abstraksi dinamik sumber pengiraan agregat.

Basic Computer

Introduction

The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power cord. Each part plays an important role whenever you use a computer.

Computer case

The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or more optical drives.

Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the monitor usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall and sits next to the monitor or on the floor. All-in-one computers come with the internal components built into the monitor, which eliminates the need for a separate case.

Monitor

The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.

Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.

Keyboard

The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks.

Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn about the different parts of the keyboard.

If you want to learn how to type or improve your touch-typing skills, check out our free Typing Tutorial.

Mouse

The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers. Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them.

There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.

To learn the basics of using a mouse, check out our interactive Mouse Tutorial.

Mouse alternatives

There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many people find them easier to use, and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse. The most common mouse alternatives are below.

• Trackball: A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving the device like a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the pointer.
  
• Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger. Touchpads are common on laptop computers.